中国石油工业上游发展面临的挑战与未来科技攻关方向

石油和天然气是全球和中国最重要的一次能源。石油工业的生存发展是由油气资源、市场、技术和社会政治经济环境等要素决定的，其中，技术进步是最活跃和最关键的因素之一。中国已成为全球油气生产消费大国，中国石油工业上游的发展也高度依赖石油科技的进步。中国石油工业已形成了先进完整的理论技术研发和装备制造体系，支撑了油气产量持续稳产和增产。未来是中国社会经济发展的关键期，石油工业必将面对重大挑战与新的技术需求，大力实施国家创新战略，发展具有国际领先水平的新一代勘探开发理论技术，支撑油气产业发展，保障国家油气能源安全。中国石油工业上游在未来面临的重大挑战与技术需求包括：①满足中国未来现代化建设的巨大油气需求和保障油气供应安全，这当中必须加大中国油气勘探开发，同时进一步扩大全球及"一带一路"油气投资与生产；②实现中国石油长期稳产2×10⁸t/a以上；③实现中国天然气产量上升至3 000×10⁸m³/a并长期稳产；④发展海洋及深水油气勘探开发先进技术与装备；⑤形成新一代石油工程服务技术装备和数字化转型。中国石油工业上游未来的科技攻关方向和研发重点包括：①先进的石油大幅度提高采收率技术；②大气田勘探与复杂气田提高采收率技术；③非常规油气勘探开发技术；④海洋及深水油气勘探开发技术及装备；⑤"一带一路"油气勘探开发技术；⑥新一代石油工程服务技术装备和数字化转型。     

Predicting employee information security policy compliance on a daily basis: The interplay of security-related stress,emotions, and neutralization

We conceptualized security-related stress (SRS) and proposed a theoretical model linking SRS, discrete emotions, coping response, and information security policy (ISP) compliance. We used an experience sampling design, wherein 138 professionals completed surveys. We observed that SRS had a positive association with frustration and fatigue, and these negative emotions were associated with neutralization of ISP violations. Additionally, frustration and fatigue make employees more likely to follow through on their rationalizations of ISP violations by decreased ISP compliance. Our findings provide evidence that neutralization is not a completely stable phenomenon but can vary within individuals from one time point to another.     

Information Security Policy Compliance: Leadership and Trust

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of trust variables (trust: competence, trust: benevolence, trust: integrity) on leadership regarding the organization’s information security policy (ISP) compliance. An instrument with four constructs was used to collect data from 474 non-management subjects from various organizations in the USA. Collected data were analyzed through multiple regression procedure. Results revealed that all trust variables (trust: competence, trust: benevolence, trust: integrity) were influential in predicting the leadership regarding the organization’s ISP compliance. The findings are discussed and implications for practice are outlined. Conclusion, limitations, and recommendations for future research are drawn.     

基于区块链技术的公益时间银行系统

在现有的时间银行系统中，时间币的发行功能和结算功能完全集中到一个中心节点上。这种极度中心化的功能结构，不仅存在容易发生中心节点单点失效、数据容易被篡改等信息安全问题，还存在着时间币的发行和流通缺乏透明度以及时间币的结算依赖中心化的结算机构等问题。针对这些问题，提出了一种基于区块链技术的解决方法。首先，将时间币的发行功能和结算功能从中心节点上分离出来；然后，利用具有分布式去中心化、集体维护和不可篡改等特性的区块链技术，将分离出来的发行功能逐步去中心化，将分离出来的结算功能去中心化，形成公益时间链（PWTB）；最终，PWTB利用区块链技术以去中心化的方式将时间银行系统由单个节点维护账本变成由集体维护一个分布式的共享账本，使时间币的发行和流通公开透明，时间币的结算不依赖某个中心化的节点。安全分析表明所设计的PWTB能够实现安全的信息传输与存储，以及数据的共享。     

公民水素养评价表征因素模型构建与分析

针对我国水资源紧缺、水生态损害、水环境污染等相关水问题,以提升全民爱水惜水节水护水的意识和能力为目标,从水素养概念出发,通过扎根理论质性研究方法对公民水素养评价的表征因素进行筛选和提炼,最终得出包含水知识、水态度、水行为为主范畴的10个表征因素并运用解释结构模型(ISM)深入剖析各因素之间的内在联系。在此基础上建立了3级多层次递阶结构模型,进一步精确描述系统各要素两两之间的直接关系。结果表明:公民水素养评价的表征因素自上而下形成了表象层、中间层和根源层等3个层级,可直观、清晰地反映表征因素之间的递阶、层级关系;水态度在各表征因素中具有调节作用以及各表征因素之间存在内在逻辑关系。研究成果为提高公民水素养水平提供一定的科学依据和政策参考。     

一种调度遥控操作双路径安全校核机制的探索

为解决调度端远方操作路径单一情况下可能出现操作错误的问题,文章探索提出一种对远方操作进行双路径安全确认的构建方案,在常规遥控发起路径之外建立独立的操作许可路径,在操作业务通信的出口处部署操作许可安全网关、操作许可工作站,通过操作发起路径的操作员、监护人和操作许可路径的许可员相结合的多重校验,强化对遥控操作的合法性认证,可以有效避免操作人、操作员站、操作网络环境的不可靠因素带来的操作安全风险,提高电网操作的安全性。     

High Accuracy Network Cardinalities Estimation by Step Sampling Revision on GPU

Host cardinality estimation is an important research field in network management and network security. The host cardinality estimation algorithm based on the linear estimator array is a common method. Existing algorithms do not take memory footprint into account when selecting the number of estimators used by each host. This paper analyzes the relationship between memory occupancy and estimation accuracy and compares the effects of different parameters on algorithm accuracy. The cardinality estimating algorithm is a kind of random algorithm, and there is a deviation between the estimated results and the actual cardinalities. The deviation is affected by some systematical factors, such as the random parameters inherent in linear estimator and the random functions used to map a host to different linear estimators. These random factors cannot be reduced by merging multiple estimators, and existing algorithms cannot remove the deviation caused by such factors. In this paper, we regard the estimation deviation as a random variable and proposed a sampling method, recorded as the linear estimator array step sampling algorithm (L2S), to reduce the influence of the random deviation. L2S improves the accuracy of the estimated cardinalities by evaluating and remove the expected value of random deviation. The cardinality estimation algorithm based on the estimator array is a computationally intensive algorithm, which takes a lot of time when processing high-speed network data in a serial environment. To solve this problem, a method is proposed to port the cardinality estimating algorithm based on the estimator array to the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). Experiments on real-world highspeed network traffic show that L2S can reduce the absolute bias by more than 22% on average, and the extra time is less than 61 milliseconds on average.     

Invasion and Defense Interactions between Enzyme‐Active Liquid Coacervate Protocells and Living Cells

The design and construction of mutual interaction models between artificial microsystems and living cells have the potential to open a wide range of novel applications in biomedical and biomimetic technologies. In this study, an artificial form of invasion‐defense mutual interactions is established in a community of glucose oxidase (GOx)‐containing liquid coacervate microdroplets and living cells, which interact via enzyme‐mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage. The enzyme‐containing coacervate microdroplets, formed via liquid–liquid phase separation, act as invader protocells to electrostatically bind with the host HepG2 cell, resulting in assimilation. Subsequently, the glucose oxidation in the liquid coacervates initiates the generation of H₂O₂, which serves as an ROS resource to block cell proliferation. As a defense strategy, introduction of catalase (CAT) into the host cells is exploited to resist the ROS damage. CAT‐mediated decomposition of H₂O₂ leads to the ROS scavenging and results in the recovery of cell viability. The results obtained in the current study highlight the remarkable opportunities for the development of mutual interacting communities on the interface of artificial protocells/living cells. They also provide a new approach for engineering cellular behaviors through exploiting artificial nonliving microsystems.     

物联网发展中的安全风险及对策研究

分析了国内外物联网安全政策、技术、标准、产业等形势,重点强调了当前我国物联网发展中存在的安全风险,包括大连接环境下的设备风险、物联网网络本身安全风险以及物联网上承载的各类应用安全风险,提出了打造以密码为核心的物联网安全体系,加速新技术在物联网安全的应用,以新基建为契机建立物联网领域安全设备泛在化部署新体系,以多层次立体式理念确保物联网安全,呼吁供给侧需求侧建立安全协同新机制,共同促进物联网产业安全可持续发展。     

中控机房的改造思路

由于我台倒班方式，造成了技术管理分散，不利于人才的培养和电台健康的发展。为进一步提高电台安全播出管理水平，推进电台的自动化建设，充分利用现代化手段，对中控机房进行了改造。新模式的成功实施，能极大地提高我台安全传输发射水平。